What can a creatinine test tell you?
The creatinine test helps evaluate how well your kidneys filter waste from the blood. Since creatinine production is fairly constant, rising levels may suggest decreased kidney function.
Healthcare providers use it to:
Screen for kidney disease and monitor its progression
Monitor chronic conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure
Evaluate medication effects (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] like aspirin or ibuprofen, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, chemotherapy)
Check for dehydration or muscle injury
Guide drug dosing based on kidney clearance
What is being tested?
When the kidneys are functioning normally, blood creatinine levels stay within a narrow range. If kidney function declines, creatinine rises because the kidneys can’t remove it efficiently.
This makes creatinine levels a valuable marker for detecting both acute and chronic kidney disease.
A related test, the creatinine clearance test, uses both blood and urine samples to measure how much creatinine the kidneys excrete over 24 hours, offering a more direct estimate of filtration.
Where is the creatinine test typically included?
A creatinine test is most often included in a basic metabolic panel (BMP), which measures electrolytes, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine to assess kidney and metabolic health. It’s also part of a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), a broader test that measures liver enzymes and proteins for a fuller picture of organ function. In some cases, creatinine is measured in a renal function panel, along with BUN, electrolytes, albumin, and phosphorus, to provide a more detailed view of kidney performance. Creatinine levels are also used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)—a key indicator of how well the kidneys filter waste.
Who should get a creatinine test?
You may need a creatinine test if you:
Have diabetes or high blood pressure
Take medications that affect kidney function
Experience swelling, fatigue, or reduced urine output
Have a family history of kidney disease
Are an older adult or have chronic conditions that strain the kidneys
The National Kidney Foundation recommends regular kidney testing (including creatinine and eGFR) for people at increased risk.